Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a condition that can develop after spinal fusion surgery, affecting the spinal segments above or below the fused area. While spinal fusion can stabilize and relieve localized symptoms, it can also change how the spine moves and bears weight—sometimes leading to new discomfort or stiffness in nearby areas.

ASD occurs as the surrounding segments adapt to the added stress of supporting movement and alignment. Over time, this can cause gradual wear, inflammation, or nerve irritation near the fusion site. For some, it presents as back or neck pain, while others may experience radiating symptoms or reduced mobility.

Recognizing the early signs of adjacent segment disease is important for maintaining long-term spinal health. Understanding how it develops and when to seek evaluation can help prevent progression and guide informed decisions about future care.

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