Bruising is common, but not always simple. Most bruises form after a bump or minor injury and fade in a few days. Others seem to appear without any clear reason—lingering longer, spreading wider, or returning often. When that happens, it may be your body signaling that something else is going on.

Bruises develop when tiny blood vessels under the skin break and leak blood into nearby tissue. The color changes you see are part of your body’s healing process. Still, frequent, large, or painful bruises may point to issues affecting circulation, blood clotting, or tissue strength that deserve a closer look.

Understanding what causes bruising can help you take action early. 

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